How is the Budget made?

So do you know how the Budget actually gets made? It is a process in itself and a veil of secrecy shrouds the finance ministry and other Govt offices at North Block right from the beginning of February. The Press is off limits. Work on the Budget begins right from September but the process of secrecy begins in November and internet connections in the offices of senior officers and staff involved in the process are shut-down.

The Department of Revenue and Expenditure provides the first data, or the basis on which the entire Budget is planned. Data is then collected from the financial advisor of each ministry, based on which a Revised Estimate is made to get an idea about the money required and expected to be collected by each ministry.  The Planning Commission provides data on Plan allocations, which starts around October-December. By mid-January, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) give tax collection numbers till end of 31st Dec and the balance three months tax collections are based on estimates. Based on this data, tax collection for the next fiscal, to be presented in the Budget is made. This is like the edifice of the entire Budget as it is these figures which will help design the Budget.

Simultaneously, on the expenditure side, an estimate of Plan Budget is prepared wherein the Planning Commission conveys to the ministry of finance about the schemes is requires to run for the next fiscal, which is then broken down and discussed by Finance Minister and the Chief of the Planning Commission. And to take inputs from other stakeholders like trade unions, industry chambers, economists, the Department of Economic Affairs collects data.

Once all this data is collected, the FM then sits , collates all the data and starts penning down who requires what, how much it can afford to give and how much money it needs to collect to keep the machinery running.  All this happens in Feb when the 60-70 volunteers who assist in the Budget making process are confined to the basement in North Block, with no contact with the outside world. This ‘lock-in’ starts around 15-20th of Feb and they work in 24/7 shifts. Before the lock-in starts, there is the “halwa” ceremony where sooji halwa is made in-house, marking the auspicious commencement of the Budget.  These volunteers print, edit and translate the entire Budget document.  An “only incoming” phone is available for these volunteers and they can receive calls only in the presence of an Intelligence Official.  Food comes from outside which is first checked by the security. Only people allowed to visit are the officials from the Finance Ministry, that too to check the validity of the documents printed.

Under high security, the Budget papers are sent to the Parliament in the dead of the night on the eve of the Budget. So the famous “red briefcase” which we see the FM’s clutching and entering the Parliament on Budget day contains just the Budget speech and not the entire Budget document.  In fact the Budget speech is a work-in–progress through this entire Budget making process and till the last minute, it is fine tuned.

The only people who know the entire Budget in totality are obviously, first the Finance Minister, a few key officials of the Finance Ministry and the Prime Minister.

And it is only after the FM gets half way through his Budget speech that the locked-in volunteers are released.

Well, reading all this itself would have been long and tedious; so one can imagine how much time and effort goes into making a Budget. Whew!